Prototype design and development of low-load-roof photovoltaic modules for applications in on-grid systems

Four prototypes of lightweight photovoltaic modules for applications in on-grid systems have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested for compliance with relevant IEC standards. Selected, commercially available materials characterized by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation technique were used in frameless, adhesively-bonded sandwichstructures carrying the interdigitated back contact solar cells. With dedicated manufacturing processes the prototype-dependent weight between 3.37 and 3.77 kg/m2, the STC-maximum power in the range of 221-239 Wp together with power conversion efficiencies of 19.98-20.71% were obtained. Millimetre-sized texture improved module's performance for steeper solar incidence angles. The self-cleaning capability of modules was enhanced by a hydrophobic material utilized in front linings. The structure of the prototypes helps to build nonintrusive installations on low-load capacity roofs, even in large-scale lightweight buildings.

Automated summary

Four prototypes of lightweight photovoltaic modules were designed, developed, manufactured, and tested for on-grid systems, meeting relevant IEC standards. Different weights, power outputs, and efficiencies were achieved through dedicated manufacturing processes. The modules showed improved self-cleaning capability and suitability for various building structures.