A Novel Cascade Nanoreactor Integrating Two-Dimensional Pd-Ru Nanozyme, Uricase and Red Blood Cell Membrane for Highly Efficient Hyperuricemia Treatment

Nanozyme-based cascade reaction has emerged as an effective strategy for disease treatment because of its high efficiency and low side effects. Herein, a new and highly active two-dimensional Pd-Ru nanozyme is prepared and then integrated with uricase and red blood cell (RBC) membrane to fabricate a tandem nanoreactor, Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC, for hyperuricemia treatment. The designed Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC nanoreactor displayed not only good stability against extreme pH, temperature and proteolytic degradation, but also long circulation half-life and excellent safety. The nanoreactor can effectively degrade UA by uricase to allantoin and H2O2 and remove H2O2 by using Pd-Ru nanosheets (NSs) with the catalase (CAT)-like activity. More importantly, the finally produced O-2 from H2O2 decomposition can in turn facilitate the catalytic oxidation of UA, as the degradation of UA is an O-2 consumption process. By integrating the high-efficiency enzymatic activity, long circulation capability, and good biocompatibility, the designed Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC can effectively and safely treat hyperuricemia without side effects. The study affords a new alternative for the exploration of clinical treatment of hyperuricemia.

Automated summary

Nanozyme-based cascade reactions are shown to be an effective strategy for disease treatment, with the designed Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC nanoreactor demonstrating good stability, long circulation half-life, and the ability to effectively degrade uric acid to treat hyperuricemia. The integration of high-efficiency enzymatic activity, long circulation capability, and good biocompatibility make it a promising alternative for clinical treatment of hyperuricemia.