Comparative QTL analysis in peach 'Earlygold' F2 and backcross progenies

Based on detailed maps, DNA sequences and phenotypic data, there is a great deal of information on the genetics and genomics of 'Earlygold', a historical peach cultivar from the US. The F-2 between 'Texas' almond and 'Earlygold' peach (T x E) was used to construct the first saturated peach linkage map that later became the reference map for the Prunus genus. This population and the first backcross ('Texas' x 'Earlygold') x 'Earlygold' (T1E) yielded information on QTLs for a large number of agronomic traits, and T1E is being used as the basis for constructing a set of introgression lines of 'Texas' fragments into the 'Earlygold' background, currently in progress. This paper describes the construction of a high-density SNP map for 'Earlygold' using an F-2 population, and the QTL analysis of 24 traits. Results of maps and QTLs are compared with those from the 'Earlygold' parent of the TN map, using the same set of markers and characters. Results show major differences between the two progenies in terms of numbers of markers mapped and the capability of detecting QTLs, with a large increase in the resolution of maps and QTLs when using the F-2 progeny compared to the TN pseudo-testcross. In addition, we provide data on leaf senescence color, studied for the first time in peach, with two consistent QTLs located in the same position as other color-related genes and QTLs.

Automated summary

This study investigated the genetics and genomics of the historical peach cultivar 'Earlygold' from the US, constructing a high-density SNP map and conducting QTL analysis. Results showed a significant increase in map and QTL resolution when using the F-2 population, compared to the TN pseudo-testcross.