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Iron in boreal river catchments: Biogeochemical, ecological and management implications

期刊

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 805, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150256

关键词

Iron; Boreal rivers; Land use management; Ecosystem function; Peatlands

资金

  1. NordForsk through the project BIOWATER
  2. Nordic Centre of Excellence under the Nordic Programme of Bioeconomy [82263]
  3. project FRESHABIT LIFE IP [LIFE14/IPE/FI/023]
  4. Maa-ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry
  5. K.H. Renlund foundation
  6. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
  7. Water JPI program - WaterPeat-project
  8. Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Iron is a key element in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, with diverse impacts on abiotic and biotic processes. This study highlights the importance of managing and protecting iron in boreal catchments, focusing on prevention strategies, controlling iron-rich groundwater discharge, and reducing iron transport to watercourses for effective water pollution control. Further research is needed to understand the role of iron in riverine food webs and develop methods to mitigate its harmful impacts in water management.
Iron (Fe) is an important element in aquatic ecosystems worldwide because it is intimately tied with multiple abiotic and biotic phenomena. Here, we give a survey of manifold influences of Fe, and the key factors affecting it in the boreal catchments and their waters. It includes the perspectives of biogeochemistry, hydrology, ecology, and river basin management. We emphasize views on the dynamics and impacts of different forms of Fe in riverine environments, including organic colloids and particles, as well as inorganic fractions. We also provide perspectives for land use management in boreal catchments and suggest guidelines for decision making and water management. Based on our survey, the main emphases of water protection and management programs should be (i) prevention of Fe mobilization from soil layers by avoiding unnecessary land-use activities and minimizing soil disturbance in high-risk areas; (ii) disconnecting Fe-rich ground water discharge from directly reaching watercourses; and (iii) decreasing transport of Fe to watercourses by applying efficient water pollution control approaches. These approaches may require specific methods that should be given attention depending on catchment conditions in different areas. Finally, we highlight issues requiring additional research on boreal catchments. A key issue is to increase our understanding of the role of Fe in the utilization of DOM in riverine food webs, which are typically highly heterotrophic. More knowledge is needed on the metabolic and behavioral resistance mechanisms that aquatic organisms, such as algae, invertebrates, and fish, have developed to counter the harmful impacts of Fe in rivers with naturally high Fe and DOM concentrations. It is also emphasized that to fulfil the needs presented above, as well as to develop effective methods for decreasing the harmful impacts of Fe in water management, the biogeochemical processes contributing to Fe transport from catchments via rivers to estuaries should be better understood. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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