期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 799, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149505
关键词
Vulnerability; Risk assessment; Irrigated; Rainfed; Disaster risk reduction
资金
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through its Global Resource Water (GRoW) [02WGR1457A-F]
The frequent drought episodes in South Africa call for policy and community actions to reduce drought risk. Research shows that irrigated systems are less vulnerable to drought compared to rainfed systems, but most irrigated farmers are smallholders. Vulnerability assessment at the local government level provides potential entry points for disaster risk reduction.
The regular drought episodes in South Africa highlight the need to reduce drought risk by both policy and local community actions. Environmental and socioeconomic factors in South Africa's agricultural system have been affected by drought in the past, creating cascading pressures on the nation's agro-economic and water supply systems. Therefore, understanding the key drivers of all risk components through a comprehensive risk assessment must be undertaken in order to inform proactive drought risk management. This paper presents, for the first time, a national drought risk assessment for irrigated and rainfed systems, that takes into account the complex interaction between different risk components. We use modeling and remote sensing approaches and involve national experts in selecting vulnerability indicators and providing information on human and natural drivers. Our results show that all municipalities have been affected by drought in the last 30 years. The years 1981-1982, 1992, 2016 and 2018 were marked as the driest years during the study period (1981-2018) compared to the reference period (1986-2015). In general, the irrigated systems are remarkably less often affected by drought than rainfed systems; however, most farmers on irrigated land are smallholders for whom drought impacts can be significant. The drought risk of rainfed agricultural systems is exceptionally high in the north, central and west of the country, while for irrigated systems, there are more separate high-risk hotspots across the country. The vulnerability assessment identified potential entry points for disaster risk reduction at the local municipality level, such as increasing environmental awareness, reducing land degradation and increasing total dam and irrigation capacity. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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