The internal exposure of bisphenol analogues in South China adults and the associated health risks

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely applied in industrial products and household products, leading to ubiquitous occurrences in environmental and biological samples. However, knowledge on human internal exposure to bisphenol analogues remains limited. Our study determined nine bisphenol analogues in urine samples collected from 1168 South China adults. BPA and bisphenol F (BPF) exhibited the highest detection frequencies in urine, i.e., 99.4% and 74.6%, respectively. BPA dominated over other analogues, with a median concentration of 1.74 mu g/L, while BPF had a median concentration of 0.08 mu g/L. Significant positive correlation was observed between urinary BPA and BPF (r = 0.201, p < 0.01), indicating similar exposure sources or pathways of these two chemicals. Urinary BPA concentrations were significantly correlated with age, marital status, drinking status and history of hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of Sigma 3BPs (the sum concentrations of BPA, BPF and BPAF) was determined to be 53.6 ng/kg-bw/day for adults. The EDIs were much lower than the temporary tolerable reference dose of BPA recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, indicating the bisphenol analogues presented no obvious health risks to South China adults. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study investigated nine bisphenol analogues in urine samples of 1168 South China adults, with Bisphenol A and Bisphenol F showing the highest detection frequencies. Bisphenol A was the most dominant analogue, significantly correlated with age, marital status, drinking status, and history of hyperlipidemia. The estimated daily intake of various bisphenol analogues was much lower than the temporary tolerable reference dose recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, indicating no significant health risks to South China adults.