4.7 Article

Measuring and predicting personal and household Black Carbon levels from 88 communities in eight countries

期刊

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 818, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151849

关键词

Household air pollution; Exposure; Measurement; Black Carbon; Fine particulate matter

资金

  1. MaryWBurke endowed chair of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
  2. Population Health Research Institute
  3. Hamilton Health Sciences Research Institute (HHSRI)
  4. Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  5. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
  6. Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Strategy for Patient Oriented Research, through the Ontario SPOR Support Unit
  7. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
  8. AstraZeneca Canada
  9. Sanofi-Aventis (France)
  10. Sanofi-Aventis (Canada)
  11. Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany)
  12. Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada)
  13. Servier
  14. GlaxoSmithKline
  15. Novartis
  16. King Pharmaceuticals
  17. Fundacion ECLA (Estudios Clinicos Latino America)
  18. Independent University, Bangladesh
  19. Mitra and Associates
  20. Unilever Health Institute, Brazil
  21. Dairy Farmers of Canada
  22. National Dairy Council (U.S.)
  23. Public Health Agency of Canada
  24. Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network
  25. Universidad de La Frontera [DI13-PE11]
  26. National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and ThinkTank Research Center for Health Development
  27. COLCIENCIAS [6566-04-18062, 6517-777-58228]
  28. Indian Council of Medical Research
  29. Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia [100-IRDC/BIOTEK 16/6/21 [13/2007], 07-05-IFNBPH 010]
  30. Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [600-RMI/LRGS/5/3 [2/2011]]
  31. Universiti Teknologi MARA
  32. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [UKM-Hejim-Komuniti- 15-2010]
  33. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, occupied Palestinian territory
  34. International Development Research Centre, Canada
  35. Philippine Council for Health Research and Development
  36. Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [290/ W-PURE/2008/0]
  37. Wroclaw Medical University
  38. Saudi Heart Association
  39. Saudi Gastroenterology Association
  40. Dr. Mohammad Alfagih Hospital
  41. Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RG1436-013]
  42. North-West University, SA
  43. Netherlands Programme for Alternative Development
  44. National Research Foundation
  45. South African Medical Research Council
  46. South Africa Sugar Association
  47. Faculty of Community and Health Sciences
  48. Swedish state under the Agreement concerning research and education of doctors
  49. Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation
  50. Swedish Research Council
  51. Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
  52. King Gustaf V's and Queen Victoria Freemason's Foundation
  53. AFA Insurance
  54. Metabolic Syndrome Society
  55. AstraZeneca
  56. Sanofi Aventis
  57. external Rashid Al Maktoum Award For Medical Sciences and Dubai Health Authority, Dubai

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This study investigated and analyzed the exposure to black carbon in household air pollution in low- and middle-income countries. The study found that various factors are associated with black carbon concentrations, such as fuel type, cooking time, and kitchen windows. The results of the study provide important information for future black carbon exposure assessments, health research, and policy-making.
Black Carbon (BC) is an important component of household air pollution (HAP) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), but levels and drivers of exposure are poorly understood. As part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, we analyzed 48-hour BC measurements for 1187 individual and 2242 household samples from 88 communities in 8 LMICs (Bangladesh, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe). Light absorbance (10(-5) m(-1)) of collected PM2.5 filters, a proxy for BC concentrations, was calculated via an image-based reflectance method. Surveys of household/personal characteristics and behaviors were collected after monitoring. The geometric mean (GM) of personal and household BC measures was 2.4 (3.3) and 3.5 (3.9).10(-5) m(-1), respectively. The correlation between BC and PM(2.5 )was r = 0.76 for personal and r = 0.82 for household measures. A gradient of increasing BC concentrations was observed for cooking fuels: BC increased 53% (95%CI: 30, 79) for coal, 142% (95%CI: 117,169) for wood, and 190% (95%CI: 149, 238) for other biomass, compared to gas. Each hour of cooking was associated with an increase in household (5%, 95%CI: 3, 7) and personal (5%, 95%CI: 2, 8) BC; having a window in the kitchen was associated with a decrease in household (-38%, 95%CI: -45, -30) and personal (-31%, 95%CI: -44, -15) BC; and cooking on a mud stove, compared to a clean stove, was associated with an increase in household (125%, 95%CI: 96,160) and personal (117%, 95%CI: 71, 117) BC. Male participants only had slightly lower personal BC (-0.6%, 95%CI: -1, 0.0) compared to females. In multivariate models, we were able to explain 46-60% of household BC variation and 33-54% of personal BC variation. These data and models provide new information on exposure to BC in LMICs, which can be incorporated into future exposure assessments, health research, and policy surrounding HAP and BC. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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