期刊
RNA BIOLOGY
卷 18, 期 -, 页码 562-573出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1985347
关键词
CRISPR-Cas systems; anti-CRISPR; type I-F system; structure; adaptive immune system
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31822012, 32000901]
- National key research and development program of China [2017YFA0506500, 2019YFC1200500, 2019YFC1200502]
- Beijing Nova program
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [XK1802-8]
Phage infection poses a major threat to prokaryotic survival, leading to an eternal arms race. The CRISPR-Cas systems and Acr proteins represent the adaptive immune responses of prokaryotes against phages. Understanding the structural and biochemical mechanisms of Acr proteins can provide insights for future genome editing research.
Phage infection is one of the major threats to prokaryotic survival, and prokaryotes in turn have evolved multiple protection approaches to fight against this challenge. Various delicate mechanisms have been discovered from this eternal arms race, among which the CRISPR-Cas systems are the prokaryotic adaptive immune systems and phages evolve diverse anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to evade this immunity. Until now, about 90 families of Acr proteins have been identified, out of which 24 families were verified to fight against subtype I-F CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we review the structural and biochemical mechanisms of the characterized type I-F Acr proteins, classify their inhibition mechanisms into two major groups and provide insights for future studies of other Acr proteins. Understanding Acr proteins in this context will lead to a variety of practical applications in genome editing and also provide exciting insights into the molecular arms race between prokaryotes and phages.
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