4.6 Review

Circulating tumor DNA: a noninvasive biomarker for tracking ovarian cancer

期刊

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00860-8

关键词

Ovarian cancer; circulating tumor DNA; biomarker; cancer early detection; liquid biopsy

资金

  1. Sichuan Science and Technology Program [2019YJ0482]
  2. Luzhou City-Southwest Medical University Foundation [2019LZXNYDZ03]
  3. Project of Southwest Medical University [2018-ZRQN130]
  4. Program of college student innovation and entrepreneurship [202010632031]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Despite limitations in traditional treatment methods and biomarkers, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shows promise as a biomarker for ovarian cancer, offering potential for early detection and personalized treatment strategies. However, technical and biological hurdles still need to be addressed before integrating ctDNA assays into clinical practice for cancer screening.
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Despite the development of technologies over decades to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ovarian cancer, the survival rate remains dismal, mainly because most patients are diagnosed at a late stage. Traditional treatment methods and biomarkers such as cancer antigen-125 as a cancer screening tool lack specificity and cannot offer personalized combinatorial therapy schemes. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for ovarian cancer and can be detected using a noninvasive liquid biopsy. A wide variety of ctDNA applications are being elucidated in multiple studies for tracking ovarian carcinoma during diagnostic and prognostic evaluations of patients and are being integrated into clinical trials to evaluate the disease. Furthermore, ctDNA analysis may be used in combination with multiple omic techniques to analyze proteins, epigenetics, RNA, nucleosomes, exosomes, and associated immune markers to promote early detection. However, several technical and biological hurdles impede the application of ctDNA analysis. Certain intrinsic features of ctDNA that may enhance its utility as a biomarker are problematic for its detection, including ctDNA lengths, copy number variations, and methylation. Before the development of ctDNA assays for integration in the clinic, such issues are required to be resolved since these assays have substantial potential as a test for cancer screening. This review focuses on studies concerning the potential clinical applications of ctDNA in ovarian cancer diagnosis and discusses our perspective on the clinical research aimed to treat this daunting form of cancer.

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