Experimental studies of unsteady cavitation at the tongue of a pump-turbine in pump mode

The paper deals with the cavitation at tongue of a pump-turbine in pump mode, including the typical patterns, unsteady behaviors, and the influence on pump performance and fluid-borne noise. Visuali-zation experiments were conducted under different flow rates and rotational speeds for variation cavity regimes. The results show the patterns can be divided into three regimes with cavitation development: bubble cavitation, cloud cavitation, and lock cavitation for the gas-lock phenomenon and performance plummet. The rotor-stator interaction and jet-wake flow could affect the cavitation generation. The blade passing effect is the leading cause of bubble clusters periodic collapsing or shedding at the early stages of cavitation, while playing a small role as cavities become thick and evaporation rate rises. The combined action of the attached vortex (re-entrant jet) and the depression by pressure gradient outside cavity surface account for the shedding at the developed cloud cavitation stage. Based on the noise measure-ment by hydrophone at the outlet, the broadband sound in the range of 1000 HZ-200 0 Hz can be used for cavitation detection since it can be rarely influenced by operating conditions under non-cavitation. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The paper investigates cavitation at the tongue of a pump-turbine in pump mode, identifying three regimes of bubble cavitation, cloud cavitation, and lock cavitation. The blade passing effect is the main cause of periodic collapsing or shedding of bubble clusters, while attached vortex and pressure gradient contribute to shedding at the developed cloud cavitation stage. Broadband sound in the range of 1000 Hz-2000 Hz can be used for cavitation detection.