期刊
RENEWABLE ENERGY
卷 179, 期 -, 页码 1191-1203出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.122
关键词
Biodiesel; Magnetic catalyst; Acid solid; Reusability; Water resistance
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51806126]
- Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program [J18KA087]
- Doctoral Fund of Shandong Jianzhu University [XNBS1603]
The use of carbonized MIL-100(Fe) to support ammonium sulfate for synthesizing magnetic solid acid has led to an optimized catalyst (CIS) with superparamagnetic properties and high conversion rates for biodiesel production. The CIS showed a saturated magnetism of 22 emu/g and achieved a maximum conversion of 95.68% under mild conditions. Even with the presence of water content, the catalyst still maintained a high conversion rate.
Solid catalyst loss is inevitable by using the traditional separation methods of centrifugation or filtration. To this end, the carbonized MIL-100(Fe) is used to support ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4) for synthesizing magnetic solid acid on the purpose of biodiesel production. Influence of preparation factors of loading amount, activation temperature, and activation time on catalytic activity are initially evaluated. With that, the prepared catalyst (CIS) is comprehensively investigated to obtain the optimal esterification parameters for biodiesel production. Moreover, characterizations of TG, XRD, BET, SEM, EDS, FTIR, py-FTIR, VSM, XPS, and Hammett indicator are conducted to elucidate the structure-function relationship between physicochemical property and catalytic activity. Results indicated the CIS is a superparamagnetism material with the saturated magnetism of 22 emu/g, which could be easily recovered from mixture with external magnet. Furthermore, the maximum conversion of 95.68% is obtained with mild conditions: molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid of 8:1 and catalyst amount of 8 wt% at 70 degrees C for 2 h. Negligible impact is detected for CIS with presence of 5 wt% water content, even with 20 wt% water content, the conversion of 85.88% is still achieved. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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