Optimization of the Operation and Maintenance of renewable energy systems by Deep Reinforcement Learning

Equipment of renewable energy systems are being supported by Prognostics & Health Management (PHM) capabilities to estimate their current health state and predict their Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The PHM health state estimates and RUL predictions can be used for the optimization of the systems Operation and Maintenance (O&M). This is an ambitious and challenging task, which requires to consider many factors, including the availability of maintenance crews, the variability of energy demand and production, the influence of the operating conditions on equipment performance and degradation and the long time horizons of renewable energy systems usage. We develop a novel formulation of the O&M optimization as a sequential decision problem and we resort to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to solve it. The proposed solution approach combines proximal policy optimization, imitation learning, for pre-training the learning agent, and a model of the environment which describes the renewable energy system behavior. The solution approach is tested by its application to a wind farm O&M problem. The optimal solution found is shown to outperform those provided by other DRL algorithms. Also, the approach does not require to select a-priori a maintenance strategy, but, rather, it discovers the best performing policy by itself.(c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study utilizes Prognostics & Health Management (PHM) capabilities to support equipment of renewable energy systems, estimating their health state and predicting Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The authors propose a novel formulation of the optimization problem and solve it using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The approach, tested in a wind farm O&M problem, outperforms other DRL algorithms and automatically discovers the best performing policy.