Cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure: Indications for exercise training based on heart failure phenotype

Exercise intolerance with dyspnea and fatigue is pervasive amongst individuals with heart failure (HF) due to both central and peripheral mechanisms. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone therapy for numerous cardiovascular disease (CVD) processes, and it's use in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has shown significant benefit in improvedmortality and quality of life (QoL). Less is known about the benefit of CR in the setting of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and optimal exercise therapy (ET) may vary based on underlying disease phenotype. Herewe offer reviewof existing data for ET in both HFrEF and HFpEF with proposed exercise treatment modalities based on underlying comorbidities and variable phenotypes. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Exercise intolerance is common in heart failure patients, and cardiac rehabilitation has shown significant benefits in improving mortality and quality of life. However, the benefits of exercise therapy may vary depending on the underlying disease phenotype.