期刊
出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109889118
关键词
broken detailed balance; entropy production; cognitive neuroscience
资金
- James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative Understanding Dynamic and Multi-Scale Systems postdoctoral fellowship award
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation
- Paul G. Allen Family Foundation
- Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-2-0022]
- Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0679, W911NF-18-1-0244, W911NF-16-1-0474, DCIST-W911NF-17-20181]
- Office of Naval Research
- National Institute of Mental Health [2-R01-DC-009209-11, R01-MH112847, R01-MH107235, R21-M MH-106799]
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [1R01HD086888-01]
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01 NS099348]
- NSF [NSF PHY-1554488, BCS-1631550, NCS-FO-1926829]
This study quantifies the breaking of detailed balance in biological systems by measuring entropy production, showing that the human brain exhibits varying degrees of detailed balance violation in different states, which is crucial for cognitive processes.
Living systems break detailed balance at small scales, consuming energy and producing entropy in the environment to perform molecular and cellular functions. However, it remains unclear how broken detailed balance manifests at macroscopic scales and how such dynamics support higher-order biological functions. Here we present a framework to quantify broken detailed balance by measuring entropy production in macroscopic systems. We apply our method to the human brain, an organ whose immense metabolic consumption drives a diverse range of cognitive functions. Using whole-brain imaging data, we demonstrate that the brain nearly obeys detailed balance when at rest, but strongly breaks detailed balance when performing physically and cognitively demanding tasks. Using a dynamic Ising model, we show that these large-scale violations of detailed balance can emerge from fine-scale asymmetries in the interactions between elements, a known feature of neural systems. Together, these results suggest that violations of detailed balance are vital for cognition and provide a general tool for quantifying entropy production in macroscopic systems.
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