4.8 Article

Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface

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NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110711118

关键词

schistosomiasis; hybrids; modelling; R-0; spillover

资金

  1. Department for International Development
  2. Economic & Social Research Council
  3. Medical Research Council
  4. Natural Environment Research Council
  5. Defence Science & Technology Laboratory
  6. Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) programme [BB/L018985/1]
  7. Research England grant: The Bloomsbury SET-Connecting [CCF-17-7779]
  8. Bloomsbury Colleges PhD studentship
  9. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  10. BBSRC [BB/L018985/1] Funding Source: UKRI

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The study focused on unraveling the transmission dynamics of parasite hybrids in northern Senegal, demonstrating the potential for the spread of hybrid schistosomiasis and the relationship between parasite transmission in cattle and human populations.
Zoonotic spillover and hybridization of parasites are major emerging public and veterinary health concerns at the interface of infectious disease biology, evolution, and control. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the Schistosoma genus, and the Schistosoma spp. system within Africa represents a key example of a system where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled formation of hybrids. Combining model-based approaches and analyses of parasitological, molecular, and epidemiological data fromnorthern Senegal, a region with a high prevalence of schistosome hybrids, we aimed to unravel the transmission dynamics of this complex multihost, multiparasite system. Using Bayesian methods and by estimating the basic reproduction number (R-0), we evaluate the frequency of zoonotic spillover of Schistosoma bovis from livestock and the potential for onward transmission of hybrid S. bovis x S. haematobium offspring within human populations. We estimate R-0 of hybrid schistosomes to be greater than the critical threshold of one (1.76; 95% CI 1.59 to 1.99), demonstrating the potential for hybridization to facilitate spread and establishment of schistosomiasis beyond its original geographical boundaries. We estimate R-0 for S. bovis to be greater than one in cattle (1.43; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.85) but not in other ruminants, confirming cattle as the primary zoonotic reservoir. Through longitudinal simulations, we also show that where S. bovis and S. haematobium are coendemic (in livestock and humans respectively), the relative importance of zoonotic transmission is predicted to increase as the disease in humans nears elimination.

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