Glycosite-deleted mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a broad-spectrum vaccine

Article Immunology

IL-2 regulates tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell exhaustion by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Yuying Liu et al.

Summary: IL-2 acts as an environmental cue to induce CD8(+) T cell exhaustion within tumor microenvironments by activating STAT5, inducing tryptophan hydroxylase 1, and subsequently causing T cell dysfunction.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Veterinary Sciences

Immunization With a Combination of Four Recombinant Brucella abortus Proteins Omp16, Omp19, Omp28, and L7/L12 Induces T Helper 1 Immune Response Against Virulent B. abortus 544 Infection in BALB/c Mice

Huy Tran Xuan Ngoc et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the protective efficiency of a combination of four recombinant Brucella proteins as a vaccine against Brucella infection. The results showed that the vaccine significantly stimulated the production of immune factors in macrophages and activated bactericidal mechanisms, as well as induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model, suggesting its potential in preventing brucellosis.

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Inhalation of Essential Oil from Mentha piperita Ameliorates PM10-Exposed Asthma by Targeting IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Based on a Network Pharmacological Analysis

Mi Hye Kim et al.

Summary: Research has shown that peppermint essential oil (MEO) aerosolized through a nebulizer can inhibit respiratory epithelium hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and goblet cell activation in asthmatic mice. Through network pharmacological analysis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK/STAT are believed to be the underlying mechanisms of MEO on asthma.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Self-assembled mRNA vaccines

Jeonghwan Kim et al.

Summary: mRNA vaccines, emerging as front-runners in the COVID-19 vaccine race, utilize advancements in RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology to design self-assembled nanoparticles for vaccine delivery, showing tremendous promise and readiness for clinical use.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

A combination of cross-neutralizing antibodies synergizes to prevent SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudovirus infection

Hejun Liu et al.

Summary: This study presents a cross-neutralizing antibody, CV38-142, which can accommodate antigenic variation in SARS-related viruses, providing valuable information for addressing current and future antigenic drift in SARS-CoV-2 and protecting against zoonotic SARS-related coronaviruses.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 Mediates the Pathogenesis of Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of House Dust Mite-Induced Asthma

Ananth K. Kammala et al.

Summary: NHERF1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, with NHERF1(+/-) mice showing reduced airway inflammation in a HDME-induced mouse model. The expression of inflammatory and Th2 cytokines, as well as chemokines, were decreased in the lungs of NHERF1(+/-) mice exposed to HDME, indicating a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Calcineurin Activity Is Increased in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Demyelinating Neuropathy

Mariapaola Sidoli et al.

Summary: Despite the interaction between Perk and calcineurin in P0S63del nerves, Perk deletion paradoxically improved S63del myelin defects. Additionally, genetic manipulation of calcineurin subunits showed context-dependent protective or toxic effects in S63del, suggesting high sensitivity of Schwann cells to alterations in calcineurin activity.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural basis for broad coronavirus neutralization

Maximilian M. Sauer et al.

Summary: The study identified a monoclonal antibody, B6, that can cross-react with eight beta-coronavirus spike proteins from three viral lineages, targeting a conserved cryptic epitope for potential broad coronavirus neutralization, marking a potential breakthrough in pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine design.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A conserved immunogenic and vulnerable site on the coronavirus spike protein delineated by cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies

Chunyan Wang et al.

Summary: Research has isolated two human monoclonal antibodies from immunized humanized mice that display cross-reactivity against various beta coronaviruses, targeting the stem helix in the spike S2 fusion subunit. These antibodies block MERS-CoV infection in cells and provide protection against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in mice, showcasing their potential for developing broad-spectrum antibodies. Despite exhibiting cross-reactivity, the antibodies only neutralize MERS-CoV due to subtle epitope differences in the spike S2 fusion subunit.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases

Emily H. Pilkington et al.

Summary: Vaccination is crucial in fighting infectious diseases, and mRNA vaccines formulated with lipid nanoparticles offer a faster and safer alternative for vaccination. Breakthroughs in mRNA-LNP vaccine development have shown promising results in combating infectious diseases and are currently being applied in clinical trials.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chimeric spike mRNA vaccines protect against Sarbecovirus challenge in mice

David R. Martinez et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has led to the development of universal vaccination strategies against the broader Sarbecovirus subgenus. Through the use of chimeric spike designs, high levels of broadly protective neutralizing antibodies have been induced against various high-risk Sarbecoviruses, showing potential for preventing SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus infections with pandemic potential.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluation and characterization of HSPA5 (GRP78) expression profiles in normal individuals and cancer patients with COVID-19

Jiewen Fu et al.

Summary: The study found that HSPA5 is expressed increased in various cancer tissues and impacts patient overall survival. Additionally, there is a higher rate of severe events in COVID-19 patients with malignant cancers compared to all COVID-19 patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal