Increasing injection pressure can decrease nozzle flow performance, increase spray tip penetration, but has minimal effect on spray cone angle.
The internal flow and macroscopic spray behaviors of a fuel injection process were studied with schlieren spray techniques and simulations. The injection pressures(P-in)and ambient pressures(P-out)were applied in a wide range. The results showed that increasing the P-in is likely to decrease the flow performance of the nozzle. Furthermore, increasing the P-in can increase the spray tip penetration. However, the effect of P-in on the spray cone angle was not evident. The spray cone angle at an injection pressure of 160MPa was 21.7% greater than at a pressure of 100MPa during the initial spraying stage. Additionally, the discharge coefficient increased under high P-out, and the decrease in P-out can promote the formation of cavitation. Finally, increasing the P-out can decrease the penetration, while the spray angle becomes wider, especially at the initial spray stage, and high P-out will enhance the interaction of the spray and the air, which can enhance the spray quality.
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