Autonomic control of pancreatic beta cells: What is known on the regulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation in rodents and humans

Insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation are tightly regulated by several signals such as hormones, nutrients, and neurotransmitters. However, the autonomic control of beta cells is not fully understood. In this review, we describe mechanisms involved in insulin secretion as well as metabolic and mitogenic actions on its target tissues. Since pancreatic islets are physically connected to the brain by nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic neurotransmitters can directly potentiate or repress insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation. Finally, we highlight the role of the autonomic nervous system in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

Automated summary

This review article discusses the regulation of insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation, highlighting the role of the autonomic nervous system in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. It also emphasizes the direct modulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation by parasympathetic and sympathetic neurotransmitters, which are connected to pancreatic islets through nerves.