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Review
Pediatrics
Rian Hayes et al.
Summary: Neonatal sepsis, a leading cause of infant mortality, has diverse definitions based on microbiological culture, laboratory tests, and clinical signs. An international consensus-based definition could improve research comparability and clinical outcomes.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Kusum Menon et al.
Summary: The study aimed to determine the associations of demographic, clinical, laboratory, organ dysfunction, and illness severity variable values with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock in children with infection, as well as multiple organ dysfunction or death in children with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. The findings revealed significant associations between multiple markers of organ dysfunction and the outcomes of interest.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Ashraf Kharrat et al.
Summary: Cardiovascular disturbances are common in neonatal sepsis, especially in preterm and term infants. The clinical manifestations are influenced by inflammatory pathways, cardiovascular system development, and hormonal responses. Targeted neonatal echocardiography can help in real-time monitoring and supporting individualized physiology-based management.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Lindsey R. Swigart et al.
Summary: The complex care needs of children with sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) require a multi-disciplinary consult service to coordinate diagnostics, management, and communication. The development of the Program in Inflammation, Immunity, and the Microbiome (PrIIMe) has helped streamline care for these patients. This information is valuable for clinicians and healthcare leaders developing similar consult services.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Istemi Han Celik et al.
Summary: Sepsis remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality, and early and accurate diagnosis of infection will improve clinical outcomes. Current diagnostic methods may overcome limitations seen with culture-based techniques by utilizing nonculture-based techniques and biomarkers. Promising strategies for the future include omics technology, personalized medicine, and point of care tests.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Leena B. Mithal et al.
Summary: Immunologic responses during sepsis vary significantly among patients and evolve over the course of illness, leading to a spectrum of immunoparalysis that can increase morbidity and mortality. Current research focuses on immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis, with future emphasis on personalized treatments involving gene expression.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
L. Ryan et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on neonates, including increased premature birth rates and adverse events in neonates. More research is needed to determine the full extent of the impacts and future management guidelines.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Danilo Buonsenso et al.
Summary: Traditional laboratory markers fail to accurately distinguish between viral and bacterial infections in children, potentially leading to delayed recognition of sepsis and severe bacterial infections. Transcript host-RNA signatures offer a new tool to differentiate viral from bacterial infections, improving characterization of the spectrum of infections and optimizing antibiotic use in children.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Josephine Herz et al.
Summary: Perinatal brain injury is the leading cause of neurological mortality and morbidity in childhood, with various noxious stimuli contributing to the pathogenesis; Neuroinflammation plays an important role in perinatal brain injury, affecting the evolution of cell damage and repair activities; Different immune cell subsets, as well as sex differences and maturational stage, are critical factors in understanding perinatal brain injury.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Daniel O'Reilly et al.
Summary: This article discusses the role of platelets in childhood sepsis, focusing on their function in the immune system and interactions with other immune cells. It also analyzes the physiological differences between adult and pediatric platelets, as well as the potential impact of platelet transfusions on infant immune responses.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Sripriya Sundararajan et al.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Caterina Tiozzo et al.
Summary: Diagnostic tests for sepsis focus on detecting the infectious agent or host markers that change in response to infection. Tests for host markers have advantages like quick turnaround time and lower blood sample requirements, providing critical information on host immune response. However, they may not always differentiate between nonspecific inflammation and true infection, leading to potential antibiotic overuse.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Dustin D. Flannery et al.
Summary: Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, especially those born preterm, are at high risk for infection. Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common neonatal pathogens poses a challenge for optimal management of infections in neonates. Monitoring and prevention of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections is a research priority in pediatric care.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Nora Bruns et al.
Summary: Critically ill children are at risk of harm from antibiotic overtreatment, caused by the fear of missing severe bacterial infections. Antibiotic stewardship programs can help guide appropriate antibiotic therapy to reduce harm and improve outcomes. Timely and targeted antibiotic treatment is crucial for managing infections in critically ill children.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Kristin E. D. Weimer et al.
Summary: Invasive fungal infections, primarily caused by Candida and Aspergillus species, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Proper identification and treatment, along with prevention strategies such as prophylactic antifungal therapy and reducing exposure to modifiable risk factors, are essential for managing these infections effectively.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Brynne A. Sullivan et al.
Summary: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units, with abnormal vital signs serving as physiological markers of sepsis. The systemic inflammatory response to pathogens signals the autonomic nervous system, resulting in changes in temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Jennifer Bermick et al.
Summary: Epigenetic regulation of transcription refers to mechanisms that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in immune development and health, with exposures during prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods affecting immune cell epigenetic profiles and function. Many pediatric diseases have an epigenetic component, and targeting epigenetic mechanisms may offer successful strategies for treating childhood diseases.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Viral G. Jain et al.
Summary: Chorioamnionitis or intrauterine inflammation is a frequent cause of preterm birth, affecting almost every organ of the developing fetus. While multiple microbes have been implicated in causing chorioamnionitis, sterile inflammation appears to be more common, and eradication of microorganisms has not been shown to prevent associated morbidity and mortality.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Hector R. Wong
Summary: Sepsis biomarkers can provide information on the risk of poor outcomes, sepsis-related organ dysfunction, and subgroups of patients with sepsis who may benefit from targeted therapies. This goes beyond traditional diagnosis to address the concepts of prognostic and predictive enrichment, key components of precision medicine in pediatric sepsis care.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Serife Kurul et al.
Summary: This review highlights the knowledge gaps in the management of late-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates and suggests potential methods to address these gaps. It also emphasizes the importance of implementing personalized medicine and bedside technologies to optimize treatment strategies.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Eric L. Wald et al.
Summary: Vitamins play essential roles in biological pathways relevant to sepsis. High-dose intravenous vitamin C has been extensively studied in adult patients with sepsis, showing significant reduction in organ dysfunction and lower mortality. However, evidence for the role of other vitamins in sepsis remains mixed.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shayantan Banerjee et al.
Summary: By analyzing gene expression datasets, novel early biomarkers were identified and a machine learning model was developed to effectively predict disease trajectories and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. These findings provide options to improve sepsis diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Scott L. Weiss et al.
PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Pediatrics
Matthew McGovern et al.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2020)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek et al.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2018)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Konrad Reinhart et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2017)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mervyn Singer et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2016)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Henrik Hagberg et al.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Fran Balamuth et al.
PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2014)
