Li-rich layered oxides: Structure, capacity and voltage fading mechanisms and solving strategies

Lithium rich layered oxides (LLOs) are attractive cathode materials for Li-ion batteries owing to their high capacity (>250 mA h g(-1)) and suitable voltage (similar to 3.6 V). However, they suffer from serious voltage and capacity fading, which is focused in this review. First, an overview of crystal structure, band structure and electrochemical performances of LLOs is provided. After that, current understanding on oxygen loss, capacity fading and voltage fading is summarized. Finally, five strategies to mitigate capacity and voltage fading are reviewed. It is believed that these understandings can help solve the fading problems of LLOs. (C) 2021 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

Lithium rich layered oxides (LLOs) are promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries with high capacity and suitable voltage, but they face serious voltage and capacity fading issues. This review covers an overview of LLOs' crystal structure, band structure and electrochemical performances, as well as current understanding on oxygen loss, capacity fading and voltage fading, followed by a review of five strategies to mitigate capacity and voltage fading. It is believed that these understandings can help address the fading problems of LLOs.