Femtosecond laser direct writing of Cu-Ni alloy patterns in ambient atmosphere using glyoxylic acid Cu/Ni mixed complexes

This paper presents the direct writing of thermoelectric couples composed of Cu-Ni alloy in ambient atmosphere. Patterns of Cu, Ni, and Cu-Ni alloys were directly written by the rapid heating and reduction of glyoxylic acid metal (Cu, Ni, and Cu/Ni mixed) complexes on glass substrates using femtosecond laser pulses without significant oxidation. The Seebeck coefficient of the patterns depended on the concentration ratio of Cu to Ni in the alloy, which could be controlled by the concentrations of the glyoxylic acid Cu/Ni mixed complex. A thermoelectric couple composed of p-type Cu and n-type Cu-Ni alloy generated an open-circuit voltage depending on the temperature gradient. This direct writing technique of pure metal and alloy allows various sensors to be printed in air.

Automated summary

This paper presents a technique for directly writing patterns of copper, nickel, and copper-nickel alloy on glass substrates using femtosecond laser pulses. The study shows that the concentration ratio of copper to nickel in the alloy can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of glyoxylic acid copper-nickel mixed complex.