A hybrid method for the safety zone design in truck-to-ship LNG bunkering

This paper is a sequel to the authors' earlier article, which addressed the safe layout design of liquified natural gas (LNG) fueled facilities for preventing LNG or natural gas (NG) leaks. This paper aims to develop a new method for designing the safety zone of LNG-fueled ships during truck-to-ship LNG bunkering. While the deterministic approach has limitations in practical application, a hybrid method is suggested as an advanced design solution. In this regard, this paper develops a hybrid method as an alternative solution to the deterministic approach based current industry practice. The applicability of the proposed solution is demonstrated with an illustrative example of the safety zone layout of a truck-to-ship LNG bunkering. The insights and findings of the paper are summarized in association with a new design method for the safety zone, contributing to the safety engineering of LNG bunkering.

Automated summary

This paper develops a hybrid method for designing the safety zone during truck-to-ship LNG bunkering and demonstrates its applicability through an example. This method contributes to the safety engineering of LNG bunkering.