期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 234, 期 3, 页码 990-1002出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.18042
关键词
competition; cyst; paradox of the plankton; phytoplankton; succession; virus
资金
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, United Kingdom) through its UKRI-NERC project [NE/R011087/1]
- European Union [766327]
- ERDF-WG Ser Cymru MixoHUB [82372]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [766327] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Rapid virus proliferation has a significant impact on phytoplankton populations, affecting marine biogeochemistry and ecology. The interactions between viruses, hosts, grazers, and competitors generate boom-and-bust dynamics, suppressing potentially successful phytoplankton species. Virus control of bloom development is more important than virus-induced termination, influencing plankton succession and competition.
Rapid virus proliferation can exert a powerful control on phytoplankton host populations, playing a significant role in marine biogeochemistry and ecology. We explore how marine lytic viruses impact phytoplankton succession, affecting host and nonhost populations. Using an in silico food web we conducted simulation experiments under a range of different abiotic and biotic conditions, exploring virus-host-grazer interactions and manipulating competition, allometry, motility and cyst cycles. Virus-host and predator-prey interactions, and interactions with competitors, generate bloom dynamics with a pronounced 'boom-and-busted' dynamic (BBeD) which leads to the suppression of otherwise potentially successful phytoplankton species. The BBeD is less pronounced at low nutrient loading through distancing of phytoplankton hosts, while high sediment loading and high nonhost biomass decrease the abundance of viruses through adsorption. Larger hosts are inherently more distanced, but motility increases virus attack, while cyst cycles promote spatial and temporal distancing. Virus control of phytoplankton bloom development appears more important than virus-induced termination of those blooms. This affects plankton succession - not only the growth of species infected by the virus, but also those that compete for the same resources and are collectively subjected to common grazer control. The role of viruses in structuring plankton communities via BBeDs can thus provide an explanation for the paradox of the plankton.
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