期刊
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
卷 46, 期 11, 页码 5312-5320出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05828b
关键词
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资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21908033]
- Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation [161030]
This study developed a mild and eco-friendly method to synthesize functionalized pyrroles from biologically derived materials. By using biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran as the starting material, 2,5-dimethyl-N-arylpyrroles were successfully synthesized through acid-enabled ring-opening and Paal-Knorr condensation reactions in a one-pot process. The new magnetic biocarbon-based sulfonic acid solid catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance and was easy to separate and recover by an external magnetic field. The addition of water significantly enhanced the reaction.
Five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic pyrroles have extremely high physiological activity and are widely used in medicine, agriculture, materials chemistry, industry, and supramolecular chemistry. Developing a mild and eco-friendly way to synthesize functionalized pyrroles from biologically derived materials is desirable. In this study, biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran can react with a series of aromatic amines to synthesize 2,5-dimethyl-N-arylpyrroles through acid-enabled ring-opening and Paal-Knorr condensation in one pot. Among the tested acid catalytic materials, a new magnetic biocarbon-based sulfonic acid solid catalyst (WK-SO3H) showed excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles (up to ca. 90% yield) and was easy to separate and recover by an external magnetic field. The ring-opening of furan proved to be the rate-determining step of the above one-pot multi-step conversion process, and 2,5-hexanedione is a key intermediate for the cascade reaction, while the addition of water could significantly enhance the above-mentioned ring-opening reaction. Furthermore, multiple characterization methods (e.g., FT-IR, TGA, XRD, NH3-TPD, and XPS) confirmed that WK-SO3H has good stability in the aqueous reaction system.
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