期刊
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
卷 130, 期 -, 页码 91-106出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.008
关键词
Human models; Western-style diet; High fat diet; High sugar diet; Hippocampus; Learning and memory; Cognition
Research suggests that a Western-style diet has a negative impact on human hippocampal functioning, particularly affecting hippocampal volume and function, with no significant effects found for individual macronutrients. The high level of study heterogeneity suggests a need for further investigation into the underlying reasons.
Paralleling animal research, there is emerging evidence that a Western-style (WS) diet - high in saturated fat and added sugar - impairs human hippocampal functioning. However, the conditions under which this occurs are not fully understood and there have been published failures to detect such effects. To date, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of relevant human studies. We undertook a systematic database search and review. Twenty studies were identified, two experimental, with the remainder correlational. The latter were included in a meta-analyses on the impact of WS-diet and its macronutrient components on human hippocampal function. Effects of age and sex were also examined. A WS-diet adversely impacted human hippocampal volume and functioning, with a small-pooled effect size. No effects were found for individual macronutrients. There was a high-level of study heterogeneity, which was not fully explained by study/sample characteristics. This may arise via the wide range of assessment tools used to measure both dietary intake and hippocampal functioning. Overall, a WS-diet clearly impacts human hippocampal functioning as in animals.
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