期刊
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
卷 203, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108877
关键词
Insulin; Leptin; Diabetes; Obesity; Metabolic disorders
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01AG050518, F31AG066501]
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs [I21 BX002085, IO1 BX001804]
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Research Development Fund
- University of South Carolina SPARC Award
- John and Patricia Beckler Fellowship in Alzheimer's and Cognitive Diseases Fellowship
Insulin and leptin are important in metabolism and have multiple functions in both the periphery and central nervous system. Resistance to insulin and leptin can impact cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases, with deficits in neuroplasticity potentially reversible by restoring sensitivity to these hormones.
Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, insulin and leptin resistance can occur both peripherally and centrally. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity share several key features including insulin and leptin resistance. While the peripheral effects of these disorders are well-known (i.e. cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, etc.), the CNS complications of leptin and insulin resistance have come into sharper focus. Both preclinical and clinical findings have indicated that insulin and leptin resistance are associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Importantly, these studies also suggest that these deficits in neuroplasticity can be reversed by restoration of insulin and leptin sensitivity. In view of these observations, this review will describe, in detail, the peripheral and central functions of insulin and leptin and explain the role of insulin and leptin resistance in various metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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