4.5 Review

Mechanosignalling in cartilage: an emerging target for the treatment of osteoarthritis

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Summary: "Mechanogenetics," a new field combining mechanobiology and synthetic biology, offers an innovative approach to treating and restoring diseased cells and tissues by controlling gene expression through mechanical signal pathways. Recent discoveries have identified specific mechanosensors and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of development, homeostasis, and disease. With the continued refinement of mechanistic understanding and the development of synthetic tools, new therapeutic approaches for treating diseases are promising.

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Summary: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding molecules that regulate post-transcriptional target gene expression and are involved in mechano-regulation of cellular activities in all physiological systems. This study investigated mechano-regulation of miRs in articular cartilage subjected to different compressive loads in vitro and in vivo, identifying miR-221, miR-222, miR-21-5p, and miR-27a-5p as significantly increased with increasing load magnitude. TIMP3 and CPEB3 were identified as potential downstream targets of miRs in chondrocytes.

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Mechano-activated biomolecule release in regenerating load-bearing tissue microenvironments

Ana P. Peredo et al.

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Accelerating bone healing in vivo by harnessing the age-altered activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3

Arlyng Gonzalez-Vazquez et al.

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Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: what have we learned to advance osteoarthritis?

Fiona E. Watt

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Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of osteoarthritis

Kelsey H. Collins et al.

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Tom Hodgkinson et al.

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Pranay Agarwal et al.

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Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis

Renjian Xie et al.

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Inflammatory signaling sensitizes Piezo1 mechanotransduction in articular chondrocytes as a pathogenic feed-forward mechanism in osteoarthritis

Whasil Lee et al.

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Gehua Zhen et al.

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Michelle L. Delco et al.

Summary: Mechanical stimuli sensation by chondrocytes is crucial for cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis development. The early responses in chondrocyte mechanotransduction pathways involve calcium influx and changes in mitochondrial function, which occur within seconds to minutes. Understanding these events can reveal new therapeutic targets for early intervention to prevent osteoarthritis.

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Integrin diversity brings specificity in mechanotransduction

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Edward D. Bonnevie et al.

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WNT16 antagonises excessive canonical WNT activation and protects cartilage in osteoarthritis

Giovanna Nalesso et al.

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Suppression of NF-κB activity via nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery alters early cartilage responses to injury

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