Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology

Bile acids (BAs) can regulate their own metabolism and transport as well as other key aspects of metabolic homeostasis via dedicated (nuclear and G protein-coupled) receptors. Disrupted BA transport and homeostasis results in the development of cholestatic disorders and contributes to a wide range of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, impaired BA homeostasis can also affect the intestine, contributing to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal and oesophageal cancer. Here, we provide a summary of the role of BAs and their disrupted homeostasis in the development of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders and present novel insights on how targeting BA pathways might contribute to novel treatment strategies for these disorders. Here, the authors describe the role of bile acids and their receptors in health and in gastrointestinal and liver disease. This Review provides insights on therapeutic strategies based on targeting bile acid homeostasis.

Automated summary

Bile acids play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and homeostasis, and their disrupted balance can contribute to gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Targeting bile acid pathways may provide novel treatment strategies for these disorders.