期刊
NATURE GENETICS
卷 54, 期 1, 页码 84-+出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00984-y
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资金
- Dutch Research Council Applied and Engineering Sciences grant [13700]
- New Zealand Foundation for Science and Technology
- Arizona Genome institute
The PAR gene in dandelion triggers embryo development without fertilization, a rare phenomenon in flowering plants. This gene is inserted with a MITE transposon in the promoter region, and its expression is able to induce embryogenesis in the absence of fertilization.
The PARTHENOGENESIS (PAR) gene is identified in apomictic dandelion. A dominant allele has a MITE transposon insertion similar to that found in apomictic hawkweed. Expression of dandelion PAR in lettuce induces embryo-like structures without fertilization. Apomixis, the clonal formation of seeds, is a rare yet widely distributed trait in flowering plants. We have isolated the PARTHENOGENESIS (PAR) gene from apomictic dandelion that triggers embryo development in unfertilized egg cells. PAR encodes a K2-2 zinc finger, EAR-domain protein. Unlike the recessive sexual alleles, the dominant PAR allele is expressed in egg cells and has a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) transposon insertion in the promoter. The MITE-containing promoter can invoke a homologous gene from sexual lettuce to complement dandelion LOSS OF PARTHENOGENESIS mutants. A similar MITE is also present in the promoter of the PAR gene in apomictic forms of hawkweed, suggesting a case of parallel evolution. Heterologous expression of dandelion PAR in lettuce egg cells induced haploid embryo-like structures in the absence of fertilization. Sexual PAR alleles are expressed in pollen, suggesting that the gene product releases a block on embryogenesis after fertilization in sexual species while in apomictic species PAR expression triggers embryogenesis in the absence of fertilization.
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