Superior robustness of anomalous non-reciprocal topological edge states

Robustness against disorder and defects is a pivotal advantage of topological systems(1), manifested by the absence of electronic backscattering in the quantum-Hall(2) and spin-Hall effects(3), and by unidirectional waveguiding in their classical analogues(4,5). Two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators(4-13), in particular, provide unprecedented opportunities in a variety of fields owing to their compact planar geometries, which are compatible with the fabrication technologies used in modern electronics and photonics. Among all 2D topological phases, Chern insulators(14-25) are currently the most reliable designs owing to the genuine backscattering immunity of their non-reciprocal edge modes, brought via time-reversal symmetry breaking. Yet such resistance to fabrication tolerances is limited to fluctuations of the same order of magnitude as their bandgap, limiting their resilience to small perturbations only. Here we investigate the robustness problem in a system where edge transmission can survive disorder levels with strengths arbitrarily larger than the bandgap-an anomalous non-reciprocal topological network. We explore the general conditions needed to obtain such an unusual effect in systems made of unitary three-port non-reciprocal scatterers connected by phase links, and establish the superior robustness of anomalous edge transmission modes over Chern ones to phase-link disorder of arbitrarily large values. We confirm experimentally the exceptional resilience of the anomalous phase, and demonstrate its operation in various arbitrarily shaped disordered multi-port prototypes. Our results pave the way to efficient, arbitrary planar energy transport on 2D substrates for wave devices with full protection against large fabrication flaws or imperfections. The physics of oriented topological graphs produces anomalous non-reciprocal topological edge states that have greater robustness to disorder and defects than the best performers at present: namely, Chern states.

Automated summary

Topological systems exhibit robustness against disorder and defects, with Chern insulators being the most reliable design currently. However, an anomalous non-reciprocal topological network has been identified to have superior robustness to edge transmission under arbitrarily large disorder levels. This discovery paves the way for efficient planar energy transport on 2D substrates with full protection against large fabrication flaws.