X-ray and optical emission from large superbubbles including the stellar photoionization

N70 is a giant superbubble (SB) produced by the stellar cluster LH 114. The dynamic of the stellar SB can be explained with hydrodynamic simulations. However, the explanation of the observed X-ray luminosity is still a matter of debate. Observations show that this kind of superbubbles exhibits X-ray luminosities of the order of 10(35) erg s(-1), which cannot be explained by only considering the mechanical luminosity of the stellar components. Instead, theoretical models predict luminosities one order of magnitude lower. In this work, we attempt to answer this discrepancy by including a core-collapse supernova explosion (SN) and the photons emitted by each of the stars involved. We find that a core-collapse SN, with an initial mass of 10 M-circle dot, can explain the missing X-ray emission, lasting approximately 1000 yr. Also, the radiation produces an enhancement of the filamentary superbubble morphology and it increases the SB radius by similar to 23 per cent with respect to the pure hydrodynamic case.

Automated summary

This study attempts to explain the discrepancy between the X-ray luminosity of the N70 superbubble and theoretical models by considering a core-collapse supernova explosion and photons emitted by the stars involved. The results show that the missing X-ray emission can be explained by a core-collapse supernova, and the radiation also affects the morphology and radius of the superbubble.