4.7 Article

Common-red-signal analysis with 24-yr high-precision timing of the European Pulsar Timing Array: inferences in the stochastic gravitational-wave background search

期刊

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2833

关键词

gravitational waves; methods: data analysis; pulsars: general

资金

  1. European Research Council
  2. UK's Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/T000414/1]
  3. Region Centre in France
  4. 'Programme National de Cosmologie and Galaxies' (PNCG)
  5. 'Programme National Hautes Energies' (PNHE) - CNRS/INSU-IN2P3INP
  6. Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France [ANR-18-CE31-0015]
  7. Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO)
  8. Department of University and Research (MIUR)
  9. Italian Space Agency (ASI)
  10. Autonomous Region of Sardinia (RAS)
  11. National SKA program of China [2020SKA0120100]
  12. Max-Planck Partner Group
  13. NSFC [11690024]
  14. CAS Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific
  15. 'LEGACY' MPG-CAS
  16. Paris Ile-de-France Region
  17. European Union [818691]
  18. Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF)
  19. Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the 2nd Call of 'Science and Society' Action Always strive for excellence -'Theodoros Papazoglou' [01431]
  20. European Research Council (ERC) [610058]
  21. ERC Advanced Grant 'LEAP' [337062]
  22. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [CITA 490888-16]
  23. Royal Society
  24. Wolfson Foundation
  25. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [433075039]
  26. CEA
  27. CNES, France
  28. STFC [ST/T000414/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  29. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-18-CE31-0015] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This study searched for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from six radio millisecond pulsars, finding spectral properties consistent with theoretical predictions but lacking the required HD correlation for GWB detection. The most favored model was found to be common uncorrelated red noise, with the results being marginally influenced by Solar system ephemeris effects.
We present results from the search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) as predicted by the theory of General Relativity using six radio millisecond pulsars from the Data Release 2 (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) covering a timespan up to 24 yr. A GWB manifests itself as a long-term low-frequency stochastic signal common to all pulsars, a common red signal (CRS), with the characteristic Hellings-Downs (HD) spatial correlation. Our analysis is performed with two independent pipelines, ENTERPRISE, and TEMPONEST+FORTYTWO, which produce consistent results. A search for a CRS with simultaneous estimation of its spatial correlations yields spectral properties compatible with theoretical GWB predictions, but does not result in the required measurement of the HD correlation, as required for GWB detection. Further Bayesian model comparison between different types of CRSs, including a GWB, finds the most favoured model to be the common uncorrelated red noise described by a power law with A = 5.13(-2.73)(+4.20) x 10(-15) and. = 3.78 (+0.69)(-0.59) (95 per cent credible regions). Fixing the spectral index to gamma = 13/3 as expected from the GWB by circular, inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries results in an amplitude of A = 2.95(-0.72)(+0.89) x 10(-15). We implement three different models, BAYESEPHEM, LINIMOSS, and EPHEMGP, to address possible Solar system ephemeris (SSE) systematics and conclude that our results may only marginally depend on these effects. This work builds on the methods and models from the studies on the EPTA DR1. We show that under the same analysis framework the results remain consistent after the data set extension.

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