期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 510, 期 4, 页码 5464-5485出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3483
关键词
planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
资金
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [803193/BEBOP]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/S00193X/1]
- Clarendon Scholarship
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans
- MIT's Kavli Institute
- tess Guest Investigator Program [80NSSC19K1727]
- NASA Exoplanet Research Program [18-2XRP182-0136]
- FONDECYT [1201371]
- CONICYT project Basal [AFB-170002]
- CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional [21191829]
- DFG [SPP 1992, RA 714/13-1]
- STFC [ST/R00384X/1, ST/T000406/1, ST/L000733/1, ST/P000495/1]
- STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/R003726/1]
- NASA's Science Mission Directorate
- NSF
- ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions - Wallonia-Brussels Federation
- Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) [FRFC 2.5.594.09.F]
- IPEV
- PNRA
- Idex UCAJEDI [ANR-15-IDEX-01]
- UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M001962/1, ST/S002642/1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
We studied the TOI-270 system, which consists of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes. Our observations revealed that the planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances and exhibit large transit timing variations. Through dynamical modeling and incorporating radial velocity observations, we obtained estimates of the masses and eccentricities of the planets, as well as information about their composition.
We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of similar to 10 min and a super-period of similar to 3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of M-b = 1.48 +/- 0.18 M-circle plus, M-c = 6.20 +/- 0.31 M-circle plus, and M-d = 4.20 +/- 0.16 M-circle plus for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : e(b) = 0.0167 +/- 0.0084, e(c) = 0.0044 +/- 0.0006, and e(d) = 0.0066 +/- 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.
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