Evolution of Physicochemical Parameters during the Thermal-Based Production of agua-mel, a Traditional Portuguese Honey-Related Food Product

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical changes occurring during the thermal-based production of agua-mel, a traditional Portuguese honey-related food product. The refractive index, color parameters (hue angle, H degrees; chroma, C*), and the content of total reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, total brown pigments, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were monitored along the entire production process, and their evolution was kinetically modelled. Thermal processing caused a gradual decrease in sugars, which was accompanied by the formation of brown pigments and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, increased concentration of soluble solids as evaluated through refractive index measurements, as well as the appearance of darker colors. In particular, a zero-order kinetic model could explain the changes in H degrees and reducing sugars, while the evolution of refractive index, brown pigments, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, C*, fructose, and glucose were best fitted using a first-order kinetics model.

Automated summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical changes that occur during the thermal-based production of agua-mel. The results showed a gradual decrease in sugar content, accompanied by the formation of brown pigments and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The study also found an increased concentration of soluble solids and darker color as the processing progressed.