期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 31, 期 3, 页码 866-883出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16286
关键词
Actiniaria; proteomics; spatiotemporal expression; toxins; transcriptomics; venom
资金
- Australian Research Council [LP140100832]
- Centre of Excellence [CE200100012]
- Norwegian Research Council (FRIPRO-YRT Fellowship) [287462]
- Australian Federal Government
- Australian National Health & Medical Research Council [APP1136889]
- Australian Research Council [LP140100832] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
This study explored the relationship between toxin expression patterns and ecological roles of different anatomical structures in a specific species of sea anemone. The findings revealed that the venom profiles of different anatomical regions vary according to their ecological functions, and there is a direct correlation between the functional similarity of regions and the similarity of their associated toxin expression profiles.
The phylum Cnidaria is the oldest extant venomous group and is defined by the presence of nematocysts, specialized organelles responsible for venom production and delivery. Although toxin peptides and the cells housing nematocysts are distributed across the entire animal, nematocyte and venom profiles have been shown to differ across morphological structures in actiniarians. In this study, we explore the relationship between patterns of toxin expression and the ecological roles of discrete anatomical structures in Telmatactis stephensoni. Specifically, using a combination of proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we examined whether there is a direct correlation between the functional similarity of regions and the similarity of their associated toxin expression profiles. We report that the regionalization of toxin production is consistent with the partitioning of the ecological roles of venom across envenomating structures, and that three major functional regions are present in T. stephensoni: tentacles, epidermis and gastrodermis. Additionally, we find that most structures that serve similar functions not only have comparable putative toxin profiles but also similar nematocyst types. There was no overlap in the putative toxins identified using proteomics and transcriptomics, but the expression patterns of specific milked venom peptides were conserved across RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry imaging data sets. Furthermore, based on our data, it appears that acontia of T. stephensoni may be transcriptionally inactive and only mature nematocysts are present in the distal portions of the threads. Overall, we find that the venom profile of different anatomical regions in sea anemones varies according to its ecological functions.
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