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The panoramic view of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A fatal intricate neurological disorder

期刊

LIFE SCIENCES
卷 288, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120156

关键词

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Diagnosis; Pathophysiology; Therapeutics; Neurological disorder; Nanomedicine

资金

  1. SSA Foundation

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ALS is a progressive and fatal neurological disease without a known cure, divided into familial and sporadic types. Palliative care and symptomatic treatment are essential in managing ALS patients.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurological disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. In the United States alone, there are 16,000-20,000 established cases of ALS. The early disease diagnosis is challenging due to many overlapping pathophysiologies with other neurological diseases. The eti-ology of ALS is unknown; however, it is divided into two categories: familial ALS (fALS) which occurs due to gene mutations & contributes to 5-10% of ALS, and sporadic ALS (sALS) which is due to environmental factors & contributes to 90-95% of ALS. There is still no curative treatment for ALS: palliative care and symptomatic treatment are therefore essential components in the management of these patients. In this review, we provide a panoramic view of ALS, which includes epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiologies, biomarkers, diagnosis, therapeutics (natural, synthetic, gene-based, pharmacological, stem cell, extracellular vesicles, and physical therapy), controversies (in the clinical trials of ALS), the scope of nanomedicine in ALS, and future perspectives.

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