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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gaebler et al.
Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Madhumita Shrotri et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients exhibit T cell lymphopenia, which is positively correlated with disease severity, duration of RNA positivity, and non-survival. Those with severe or critical disease tend to develop more robust, virus-specific T cell responses. Cross-reactive T cell responses have been demonstrated in unexposed and uninfected adults, but their significance for protection and susceptibility remains unclear.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer M. Dan et al.
Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefan Pilz et al.
Summary: According to the study in Austria, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections is relatively low. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection is comparable to the highest estimates of vaccine efficacies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christian Holm Hansen et al.
Summary: The study investigated the protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, with results showing an 80.5% protection rate for individuals previously infected. Even in the population aged 65 years and older, the protection rate against reinfection reached 47.1%, with no significant differences observed by gender or time since infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Jane Hall et al.
Summary: This study investigated whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection. It found that individuals with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had an 84% lower risk of reinfection, with a median protective effect lasting for 7 months following primary infection.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Andrew Letizia et al.
Summary: Young adults with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have about one-fifth the risk of subsequent infection compared to those without antibodies. While antibodies from initial infection offer protection, they do not guarantee effective neutralization or immunity against future infection. These findings could impact mass vaccination strategies.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrew D Redd et al.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines exhibit robust serological and cellular priming, with naïve individuals requiring two doses for optimal antibody responses, especially against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for spike protein and RBD were efficiently primed by vaccination, while recovered individuals showed significant boosting after the first dose, correlating with preexisting memory B cell levels. Identifying distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure suggests that recovered subjects may only need one vaccine dose for peak responses, which can inform vaccine distribution strategies in resource-limited settings.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Rachael Kathleen Raw et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: The study found that individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections showed rapid decline of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in the first 4 months after infection, followed by a more gradual decrease over the following 7 months but remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. This suggests that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lingshu Wang et al.
Summary: The study identified four receptor binding domain-targeting antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against 23 variants, including two ultrapotent antibodies. Combinations of these antibodies reduced the in vitro generation of escape mutants, showing potential in mitigating resistance development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Le Bert et al.
