Association between pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure and the risk of rapid decline of kidney function among general population without hypertension: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)

Background Association between blood pressure (BP) and kidney function among the middle and old aged general population without hypertension remains unclear. Methods Participants aged >= 45 years, with complete data in 2011 and 2015 interviews of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), and without pre-existing hypertension were included. Systolic BP (SBP) was categorized as low (< 120 mmHg), medium (120-129 mmHg), and high (120-139 mmHg). Diastolic BP (DBP) was categorized as low (< 60 mmHg), medium (60-74 mmHg), and high (75-89 mmHg). Pulse pressure (PP) was categorized as normal (< 60 mmHg) and high (>= 60 mmHg). The outcome was defined as rapid decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR, decline >= 4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year). BP combination was designed according to the category of SBP and PP. The association between BP components, types of BP combination, and the risk of rapid decline of eGFR was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models, respectively. Age-stratified analyses were conducted. Results Of 4,534 participants included, 695(15.3%) individuals were recognized as having rapid decline of eGFR. High PP[odds ratio(OR) = 1.34, 95%confidence interval(CI) 1.02-1.75], low SBP (OR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.03-1.59), and high SBP (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.02-1.71) were significantly associated with the risk of eGFR decline. Low SBP were associated with 65% increment of the risk of eGFR decline among participants aged < 55 years. The combination of high SBP and high PP (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.27-2.54) and the combination of low SBP and high PP (OR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.24-7.58) were associated with the increased risk of eGFR decline among the middle and old aged general population. Conclusion Single and combination of high PP and high SBP could be the risk indicators of eGFR decline among the middle and old aged general population.

Automated summary

Single and combination of high pulse pressure (PP) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP) could be risk indicators for eGFR decline among the middle and old-aged general population. Low SBP was associated with a 65% increased risk of eGFR decline among participants aged < 55 years.