期刊
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
卷 169, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f3
关键词
lithium-ion battery; short-circuit; high-energy; safety
资金
- European Union [EVERLASTING-713771]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03XP0255, 03XP0306B]
Short-circuit incidents pose a severe safety threat to lithium-ion batteries. Understanding the electrochemical behavior can help mitigate safety risks. The study shows that silicon-graphite/nickel-rich cells exhibit an additional current plateau during over-discharge due to anode-limited electrode balancing. Cyclid aging does not significantly affect the short-circuit behavior.
Short-circuit incidents pose a severe safety threat to lithium-ion batteries during lifetime. Understanding the underlying electrochemical behavior can help to mitigate safety risks. The electrochemically-caused rate-limiting behavior is analyzed using a quasi-isothermal test-bench, where external and local short-circuit conditions are applied to single-layered pouch cells (<50 mAh). The cell voltage, the heat generation rate, and either the short-circuit current or a local electrical potential are measured and used to characterize the short-circuit intensity. The results of 35 custom-built silicon-graphite SiC/NCA and SiC/NMC-811 cells with 2.5 wt.-% silicon are benchmarked to previously studied graphite G/NMC-111 cells. An additional current plateau appears for the silicon-graphite/nickel-rich cells, which is ascribed to the anode-limited electrode balancing. At a maximum, 29% of the total dissipated heat is caused during over-discharge. The effect of cyclic aging on the impact of the short-circuit behavior is investigated with aged single-layered pouch cells (SoH < 80%), which revealed nearly the same levels of over-discharge as non-aged cells. A lithium reference electrode is used to visualize polarization effects in the anode during ESCs and to evaluate the onset of copper dissolution (>3.2 V vs Li/Li+), which could be estimated up to 20% of the negative current collector mass.
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