4.5 Editorial Material

Introduction to the special issue on supersonic jet noise

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Review Acoustics

Supersonic jet noise from launch vehicles: 50 years since NASA SP-8072

Caroline P. Lubert et al.

Summary: This article reviews the research progress on the physics of noise generation and radiation from free and impinging rocket plumes since the completion of NASA SP-8072. It also provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods for the mitigation of launch vehicle noise. Promising approaches that can describe rocket noise characteristics not captured by SP-8072 are discussed.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Acoustics

Experiments with rectangular supersonic jets with potential noise reduction technology

N. Scupski et al.

Summary: This paper describes aeroacoustics experiments conducted with supersonic jets from rectangular nozzles. Two methods, including the use of fluid inserts and the integration of fluid shields, are investigated for jet noise reduction.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Acoustics

Numerical investigation of wave steepening and shock coalescence near a cold Mach 3 jet

Pierre Pineau et al.

Summary: The study investigates wave steepening and shock coalescence due to nonlinear propagation effects in a cold Mach 3 jet. The results show that the positive asymmetry of pressure fluctuations originates during the wave generation process, rather than being caused by nonlinear propagation effects.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Investigation of vortical and near-acoustic fields in three-stream jets

Andres Adam et al.

Summary: The study investigates the connections between the vortical and near-acoustic fields of three-stream, high-speed jets to develop linear surface-based models for noise source. Two triple-stream jets are used in the study, one coaxial and the other with eccentric tertiary flow to suppress noise in preferred directions.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Resolvent-based modeling of turbulent jet noise

Ethan Pickering et al.

Summary: Resolvent analysis has been shown to be effective in modeling coherent structures in jets and reconstructing the most energetic regions of the acoustic field. By projecting LES realizations onto a limited set of resolvent modes, encouraging results were obtained.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Real-time supersonic jet noise predictions from near-field sensors with a wavepacket model

Vitor G. Kleine et al.

Summary: By utilizing parabolized stability equations and data-driven methods, it is possible to efficiently estimate the fluid-dynamic and acoustic fields of a jet, guiding the implementation of closed-loop control experiments.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Steady active control of noise radiation from highly heated supersonic jets

Chitrarth Prasad et al.

Summary: The study investigates the effect of using fluid inserts for noise control at high exhaust temperatures through large eddy simulations. It reveals a reduction in radiation efficiency of Mach waves from the controlled jet, with more pronounced effect at afterburner conditions. The effectiveness of fluid inserts improves with increasing jet exhaust temperature, achieving noise reduction with a conservative thrust loss estimate of under 2% at both laboratory and afterburner operating conditions.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Evidence for nonlinear reflections in shock-containing noise near high-performance military aircrafta)

Aaron B. Vaughn et al.

Summary: Skewness values for the pressure time derivative are greater at ground-based measurements near a tactical aircraft than they are at nearby off-ground locations due to the occurrence of nonlinear, irregular shock reflections at the ground. Using a two-point cross correlation of windowed shock events, propagation angle, source location, and corresponding angle of incidence relative to the ground can be estimated. Nonlinear reflections are likely to occur based on the combination of angles of incidence and measured shock strengths, leading to a pressure increase at the shock that enhances shock-related metrics at the ground compared to off-ground locations.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Computation of the noise radiated by a hot supersonic jet deflected in a flame trench

A. Langenais et al.

Summary: This study investigates the noise generated by a reduced-scale rocket engine jet at lift-off conditions using numerical methods. The results show a good agreement with experimental measurements and suggest that the noise is strongly influenced by the geometry of the flame trench.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Letter Acoustics

A tale of two curves and their influence on rocket and supersonic jet noise research (L)

Kent L. Gee

Summary: This letter describes how a landmark 1960s supersonic jet noise experiment influenced subsequent noise models, pointing out a discrepancy in other researchers' application of sound power decomposition. An erroneous plot in the original report has propagated through the ubiquitous NASA SP-8072 report, impacting rocket noise modeling for five decades.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

An azimuthal Fourier domain formulation of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation

Zhibo Chen et al.

Summary: The study presents a new formulation entirely in the azimuthal Fourier domain, obtained by manipulating the FW-H equation, to efficiently and naturally compute the acoustic field associated with resolvent modes of a Mach 1.5 jet.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Computational study on aeroacoustic fields of a transitional supersonic jeta)

Taku Nonomura et al.

Summary: In this study, the aeroacoustic fields of a supersonic free jet were computationally investigated through large-eddy simulations. The effects of shear layer thickness and disturbances on the sound field were discussed, showing that decreasing the shear layer thickness or adding disturbances can reduce turbulent fluctuations and Mach wave intensity, leading to a 5 dB increase in sound pressure level. Compared to subsonic cases, the transition process in supersonic jets is influenced by the spiral mode, resulting in a lower increase in sound pressure level.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Distinctions between single and twin impinging jet dynamicsa)

Spencer L. Stahl et al.

Summary: This study investigates the changes in dynamics of impinging jets in vertical takeoff and landing applications, as well as the hydrodynamic and acoustic coupling between single impinging jet (SIJ) and dual impinging jet (DIJ) configurations. The research finds differences and global coupling effects between the two jets in the DIJ arrangement.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Characterization of Falcon 9 launch vehicle noise from far-field measurementsa)

Logan T. Mathews et al.

Summary: This study investigates the noise characteristics of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, providing insights into historical inconsistencies and confirming the accuracy of prediction methods. Results show that parameters like noise directivity and sound pressure level can be well represented using concepts like convective Mach number.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Translating jet noise measurements to near-field level maps with nearest neighbor bilinear smoothing interpolation

Frank S. Mobley et al.

Summary: The U.S. Department of Defense requires compliance with noise limitation standards, defining safe areas around noisy objects and suggesting methods for characterization. For maintainers of high-powered jet aircraft, discrete measurements must be converted to modeled levels over the entire ground personnel operational area.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Experimental study on effects of plate angle on acoustic waves from supersonic impinging jets

Masahito Akamine et al.

Summary: This study experimentally investigates the generation mechanism of a higher-angle lobe, an acoustic field feature of a supersonic jet impinging on an inclined flat plate. The results suggest that the higher-angle lobe is dominated by acoustic waves generated by the interaction between shock waves and large-scale turbulent structures.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

A Bayesian approach to eliminate correlated noise using an independent reference-Application to supersonic jet noise extraction

Nicolas Aujogue et al.

Summary: The Bayesian method introduced in this study effectively removes correlated noise from multi-channel measurements, benefiting in-flight acoustic data analysis. It separates different noise components, including engine noise, and shows significant benefits for studying shock-associated noise in realistic flight conditions.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Analysis of supersonic jet turbulence, fine-scale noise, and shock-associated noise from characteristic, bi-conic, faceted, and fluidic injection nozzlesa)

Trushant K. Patel et al.

Summary: This study examines the components of supersonic jet noise and their characteristics under different nozzles and operating conditions. The research provides insights into the effects of nozzle type on jet noise through numerical sensitivity analysis and fluidic injection noise reduction techniques.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

A history of jet noise research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationa)

Brenda S. Henderson et al.

Summary: This paper reviews NASA's jet noise research history from the 1950s to present day, focusing on turbojet noise reduction and advancements in turbofan engines for subsonic and supersonic aircraft applications. Research shifted towards improving engine efficiency and design enhancements as a means to reduce jet noise.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Broadband shock-associated noise modelling for high-area-ratio under-expanded jetsa)

V Gryazev et al.

Summary: The study investigated the flow solutions and noise spectra predictions of two high-area-ratio under-expanded supersonic jets using large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods. The RANS-based acoustic predictions were found to align with those from LES for most frequencies in the range of Strouhal numbers (St) 0.4 < St < 2 within 1-2 dB, indicating the accuracy of the RANS method in predicting jet noise.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Supersonic jet noise source distributions

Nicholas P. Breen et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the noise source distributions of supersonic jets are more complex than those of subsonic jets, and can be divided into three different Strouhal regions. At low Strouhal numbers, noise is mainly dominated by small-scale turbulence mixing; at high Strouhal numbers, noise is produced by repetitive sources at different downstream jet locations.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Acoustics

Azimuthal decomposition of the radiated noise from supersonic shock-containing jets

Marcus H. Wong et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2020)

Article Acoustics

Aeroacoustic resonance and self-excitation in screeching and impinging supersonic jets - A review

Daniel Edgington-Mitchell

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS (2019)

Article Engineering, Aerospace

Scaled Demonstration of Fluid Insert Noise Reduction for Tactical Fighter Aircraft Engines

Dennis K. McLaughlin et al.

JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT (2019)

Review Engineering, Aerospace

A review of impinging jets during rocket launching

Chongwen Jiang et al.

PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES (2019)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Modelling of jet noise: a perspective from large-eddy simulations

Guillaume A. Bres et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2019)

Article Acoustics

Subjective rating of the jet noise crackle percept

Kent L. Gee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2018)

Article Mechanics

Modelling of noise reduction in complex multistream jets

Dimitri Papamoschou

JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (2018)

Article Mechanics

On the convection velocity of source events related to supersonic jet crackle

Nathan E. Murray et al.

JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (2016)

Article Acoustics

Quantitative analysis of a frequency-domain nonlinearity indicator

Brent O. Reichman et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2016)

Article Acoustics

Evolution of the derivative skewness for nonlinearly propagating waves

Brent O. Reichman et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2016)

Article Acoustics

The scaling of broadband shock-associated noise with increasing temperature

Steven A. E. Miller

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS (2015)

Article Acoustics

Shock-structures in the acoustic field of a Mach 3 jet with crackle

Woutijn J. Baars et al.

JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION (2014)

Review Mechanics

Wave Packets and Turbulent Jet Noise

Peter Jordan et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 45 (2013)

Article Mechanics

The sources of jet noise: experimental evidence

Christopher K. W. Tam et al.

JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS (2008)

Article Acoustics

The role of nonlinear effects in the propagation of noise from high-power jet aircraft

Kent L. Gee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (2008)