4.6 Article

Steady states of active Brownian particles interacting with boundaries

出版社

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/ac42cf

关键词

active matter

资金

  1. Brandeis Center for Bioinspired Soft Materials, an NSF MRSEC [DMR-1420 382, NSF-MRSEC-2011 486, NSF DMR-1149 266, BSF-2014 279, DMR-1855 914]
  2. Heising-Simons Foundation
  3. Simons Foundation
  4. National Science Foundation [NSF PHY-1748 958]
  5. NSF through XSEDE computing resources [MCB090163]
  6. Brandeis MRSEC
  7. NSF [OAC-1920 147]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Active Brownian particles are minimal models for self-propelled colloids in dissipative environments. In the presence of boundaries and obstacles, these systems approach nontrivial nonequilibrium steady states with interesting phenomena such as accumulation at boundaries, ratchet effects, and long-range depletion interactions. However, theoretical analysis of these phenomena has been challenging. This study addresses this challenge by proposing an approximation strategy that connects asymptotic solutions of the Smoluchowski equation to boundary conditions.
An active Brownian particle is a minimal model for a self-propelled colloid in a dissipative environment. Experiments and simulations show that, in the presence of boundaries and obstacles, active Brownian particle systems approach nontrivial nonequilibrium steady states with intriguing phenomenology, such as accumulation at boundaries, ratchet effects, and long-range depletion interactions. Nevertheless, theoretical analysis of these phenomena has proven difficult. Here, we address this theoretical challenge in the context of non-interacting particles in two dimensions, basing our analysis on the steady-state Smoluchowski equation for the one-particle distribution function. Our primary result is an approximation strategy that connects asymptotic solutions of the Smoluchowski equation to boundary conditions. We test this approximation against the exact analytic solution in a 2D planar geometry, as well as numerical solutions in circular and elliptic geometries. We find good agreement so long as the boundary conditions do not vary too rapidly with respect to the persistence length of particle trajectories. Our results are relevant for characterizing long-range flows and depletion interactions in such systems. In particular, our framework shows how such behaviors are connected to the breaking of detailed balance at the boundaries.

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