Pd nanoparticles supported on MOF/ionic liquid system: a heterogeneous catalyst for the C-O bond formation via Ullmann-type reaction

Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited on the supported ionic liquid (IL). The IL is initially supported on zirconium metal-organic framework (i.e., UiO-66-NH2), and subsequently modified with guanidine. It is proposed that the presence of amine groups in the guanidine can efficiently stabilize the NPs. The composite system, UiO-66-NH2-ILPF6--guanidine-Pd NPs, is used for catalyzing a C-O coupling Ullmann reaction. This heterogeneous catalyst exhibited excellent activity for the reaction between phenyl halides and phenol derivatives in the absence of an additional base, which typically used for deprotonation of phenols. In other words, the counter-anion of the IL acts as a base for this reaction. The catalyst is capable to recover and reuse several times with reasonable activity.

Automated summary

Palladium nanoparticles are deposited on supported ionic liquid, which efficiently stabilizes the nanoparticles for catalyzing a C-O coupling Ullmann reaction. The composite system exhibits excellent catalytic activity without the need for additional bases, and can be recovered and reused multiple times with reasonable activity levels.