Global electromagnetic turbulence simulations of W7-X-like plasmas with GENE-3D

The GENE-3D code, the global stellarator version of the established GENE framework, has been extended to an electromagnetic gyrokinetic code. This paper outlines the basic structure of the algorithm, highlighting the treatment of the electromagnetic terms. The numerical implementation is verified against the radially global GENE code in linear and nonlinear tokamak simulations, recovering excellent agreement between both codes. As a first application to stellarator plasmas, linear and nonlinear global simulations with kinetic electrons of ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X were performed, showing a decrease of ITG activity through the introduction of electromagnetic effects via a finite plasma-beta. The upgrade makes it possible to study a large variety of new physical scenarios, including kinetic electron and electromagnetic effects, reducing the gap between gyrokinetic models and physically realistic systems.

Automated summary

This paper discusses the extension of the GENE-3D code and its application in electromagnetic gyrokinetics, demonstrating the impact of electromagnetic effects on plasma turbulence through verification and simulations. The upgrade enables easier study of various physical scenarios and reduces the gap between gyrokinetic models and real systems.