期刊
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
卷 272, 期 1, 页码 120-138出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12423
关键词
MR1; MAIT cells; riboflavin; bacterial infection
类别
资金
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
- Institut Curie
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- ARSEP (Association de la recherche sur la sclerose en plaque)
- Equipe labellisee de la Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Fondation de la Recherche Medicale
- ANR Agence nationale de la recherche
- H2020 European union Marie Curie Fellowship
- ANR (Labex DCBIOL)
- Institut National du Cancer
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
The MHC-related 1, MR1, molecule presents a new class of microbial antigens (derivatives of the riboflavin [Vitamin B2] biosynthesis pathway) to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. This raises many questions regarding antigens loading and intracellular trafficking of the MR1/ligand complexes. The MR1/MAIT field is also important because MAIT cells are very abundant in humans and their frequency is modified in many infectious and non-infectious diseases. Both MR1 and the invariant TCRa chain expressed by MAIT cells are strikingly conserved among species, indicating important functions. Riboflavin is synthesized by plants and most bacteria and yeasts but not animals, and its precursor derivatives activating MAIT cells are short-lived unless bound to MR1. The recognition of MR1 loaded with these compounds is therefore an exquisite manner to detect invasive bacteria. Herein, we provide an historical perspective of the field before describing the main characteristics of MR1, its ligands, and the few available data regarding its cellular biology. We then summarize the current knowledge of MAIT cell differentiation and discuss the definition of MAIT cells in comparison to related subsets. Finally, we describe the phenotype and effector activities of MAIT cells.
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