Specific Ion Effects in Different Media: Current Status and Future Challenges

We discuss the current state of research as well as the future challenges for a deeper understanding of specific ion effects in protic and aprotic solvents as well as various additional media. Despite recent interest in solute or interfacial effects, we focus exclusively on the specific properties of ions in bulk electrolyte solutions. Corresponding results show that many mechanisms remain unknown for these simple media, although theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have provided some insights into explaining individual observations. In particular, the importance of local interactions and electronic properties is emphasized, which enabled a more consistent interpretation of specific ion effects over the past years. Despite current insufficient knowledge, we also discuss future challenges in relation to dynamic properties as well as the influence of different concentrations, different solvents, and solute contributions to gain a deeper understanding of specific ion effects for technological applications.

Automated summary

The article discusses the current state and future challenges of researching the specific properties of ions in bulk electrolyte solutions. Although some insights have been provided, many mechanisms for these simple media remain unknown. Emphasis is placed on the importance of local interactions and electronic properties, as well as future research on dynamic properties.