The Impact of Panel Reactive Antibodies and Different Desensitization Methods on Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes

Introduction: In highly sensitized patients who have panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, primary graft failure risk may increase. In this study, we aimed to determine the association of PRA with engraftment, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-three PRA-positive and 42 PRA-negative patients were taken into study. Both groups were compared in terms of graft failure, acute GVHD, viral infection and survival rates. PRA-positive group was also divided into 2 according to treatment modality (steroid-only group/combination therapy) and compared for the same parameters. Results: There was no difference in PRA-positive and negative patients in terms of graft failure, acute GVHD and viral infections. Analysis of the PRA-positive group in itself showed that there was also no difference in terms of graft failure and viral infection frequency. The only difference is that acute grade 3 to 4 GVHD was higher in the steroid-only group. The 100-day overall survival was 90.2% and 90.4% for the PRA-positive and negative groups, respectively. Conclusions: Different treatment strategies like plasmapheresis, steroid, rituximab, or combination therapies can be used for the desensitization of PRA-positive patients before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patient-specific treatment modality for sensitized patients before transplant can increase the success rate.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the association between panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) and engraftment, as well as graft versus host disease (GVHD) in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The results showed that there was no significant difference in graft failure, acute GVHD, and viral infections between PRA-positive and negative patients. Different treatment strategies for desensitization of PRA-positive patients can increase the success rate of transplantation.