Near-infrared and far-red genetically encoded indicators of neuronal activity

Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of neuronal activity are ultimately developed to dissect functions of neuronal ensembles during behavior in living animals. Recent development of near-infrared shifted calcium and voltage indicators moved us closer to this goal and enabled crosstalk-free combination with blue light-controlled optogenetic tools for all-optical control and readout. Here I discuss designs of recent near-infrared and far-red calcium and voltage indicators, compare their properties and performance, and overview their applications to spectral multiplexing and in vivo imaging. I also provide perspectives for further development.

Automated summary

This article discusses the design, properties, and performance of recent near-infrared and far-red calcium and voltage indicators, as well as their applications in spectral multiplexing and in vivo imaging. Perspectives for further development are also provided.