Immunological predictors for the outcome in patients with antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis

We investigated the immunological outcome predictors in patients with antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis. A severe disability on admission, a low lymphocyte count, including T, B, and T + B + NK (TBNK) cells, an elevated neutrophil (%) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could predict poor prognoses. The increased neutrophils (%) and NLR with the decreased eosinophil percent and count were sensitive (>0.8) in predicting severe disabilities, while the declined total T cell count, lymphocyte percent and count were specific (>0.9). TBNK cell count had a balanced sensitivity and specificity (both>0.8). Patients with autoimmune encephalitis with poor outcomes are immunologically distinct from those with good recoveries.

Automated summary

The study found that in patients with antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis, factors such as severe disability on admission, low lymphocyte count, and elevated neutrophil levels can predict poor prognoses. Patients with poor outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis have distinct immunological features compared to those with good recoveries.