Aminoguanidine-based deep eutectic solvents as environmentally-friendly and high-performance lubricant additives

Halogen-free, environmentally-friendly, and economically viable lubricant additives, which can furnish excellent miscibility with mineral lube base oils and enhance the tribological properties, are gaining increasing interest for the formulation of new generation lubricants. Herein, aminoguanidine salt-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) having variable mole ratios of fatty acid (as a hydrogen bond donor; HBD) are synthesized through a single-step facile approach. The detailed chemical characterizations based on FTIR and NMR (H-1 and C-13) confirmed the synthesis of DESs via a hydrogen-bonding network. A linear correlation between the shear stress and shear rate implied Newtonian fluidic behaviour of these DESs. An increasing mole ratio of octanoic acid decreased the viscosity and thermal stability of resultant DESs. The long alkyl chain of HBD furnished good compatibility of these DESs with SN 150 mineral lube base oil. The DESs as additives to SN 150 mineral lube oil improved the viscosity index by 12% and enhanced the tribological properties for steel tribopair by decreasing the wear volume (94%) and coefficient of friction (30%). The detailed analyses of worn scars revealed the formation of DESs-derived tribochemical thin film. The low shear strength of DESs-derived lubricious and protective thin film between steel tribopair facilitated the sliding and avoided the direct contact between the steel tribopair, consequently, significant enhancement of tribological properties. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Aminoguanidine salt-based deep eutectic solvents with varying mole ratios of fatty acid were synthesized in this study, showing good compatibility with mineral lube base oil. When added as additives to mineral lube oil, they improved the performance by reducing wear through the formation of a protective film.