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Article
Infectious Diseases
Linda Petrone et al.
Summary: The study showed that specific T cell responses to SARS CoV 2 peptides can be detected in COVID-19 patients and are significantly different from individuals without COVID-19. This immune response exhibits characteristics of both Th1 and Th2 profiles, potentially serving as a new T cell-based diagnostic tool.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: Severe cases of COVID-19 show increased inflammatory markers, lymphopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and high antibody levels. High neutralization potency is a predictor of survival. Patient sera can neutralize different strains, indicating cross-protection from reinfection.
Article
Immunology
Sheila F. Lumley et al.
Summary: In this study, it was found that anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 decline within a few months, with higher titers associated with longer duration. On the other hand, anti-spike IgG remained stably detected. Factors such as age, ethnicity, and symptom presentation also had an impact on antibody levels.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shelly Bolotin et al.
Summary: The study revealed that as time passed, the concentration of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 positive specimens decreased, while the concentration in negative specimens increased. The association between the two tests also decreased over time, indicating a decline in anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gaebler et al.
Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric H. Y. Lau et al.
Summary: In this study, researchers quantified SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) assays on 195 patients in different disease states. They found that patients with severe disease had higher peaks of neutralizing antibody titres than patients with mild or asymptomatic infections, and that serum neutralizing antibody persists for over 6 months in most people.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Juan Zhao et al.
Summary: Research shows that COVID-19-recovered individuals exhibit specific T cell responses, potentially offering protection against reinfection for some exposed individuals and inducing protective immunity in unexposed individuals upon vaccination. There is a need for a multi-epitope strategy in COVID-19 vaccine design due to the low immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 S and N peptides at inducing robust T cell responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Supriya Ravichandran et al.
Summary: Limited information exists on immune markers associated with disease severity or recovery in COVID-19 patients. This study revealed different dynamics of antibody repertoire evolution in severe versus mild patients, with mild patients showing more favorable immune response for early recovery. High-titer IgA against RBD was observed in severe patients, especially those who succumbed to the infection, while mild patients demonstrated increased antibody affinity maturation associated with faster recovery.
Article
Immunology
Chang Kyung Kang et al.
Summary: The memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 persists for up to 8 months post-symptom onset, with potentially stronger responses in patients with severe illness compared to those with mild or asymptomatic disease. Further investigations are necessary to assess the longevity and protective effect of this immune response against reinfection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul A. Kristiansen et al.
Article
Biology
Kanako Shimizu et al.
Summary: Identification of immunodominant epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike region provides insight into cross-reactivity of CD8(+) T cells. Cross-reactive CD8(+) T cells are reduced in immunosuppressed patients with hematological malignancy. T-cell receptors isolated from selective pre-existing CD8(+) T cells exhibit diverse cross-reactivity at the single-cell level.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Lagerqvist et al.
Summary: The evaluation of 11 SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests showed heterogeneity in their performances, with only a few tests performing well with samples having low IFA IgG titers. It is crucial to carefully select tests for accurate diagnostics and epidemiological investigations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Isabel Brand et al.
Summary: Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus play a crucial role in protection against COVID-19. This study found that convalescent COVID-19 patients still exhibit broad T cell reactivity to multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins over 200 days after infection. The study also showed a loose but significant correlation between anti-Nucleocapsid antibody titer and the magnitude and breadth of the T cell response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandro Vallejo et al.
Summary: This study found a high proportion of uninfected healthcare workers having pre-existing IFN-gamma(+) CD8 T-cell response after stimulation with certain viral proteins, while the magnitude of the response was lower compared to convalescent healthcare workers. The concordance between IFN-gamma release and specific IFN-gamma(+) CD8/CD4 T cell responses suggests that IFN-gamma release assays can be a simple way to determine protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a population.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Madhumita Shrotri et al.
Article
Immunology
Katharine H. D. Crawford et al.
Summary: Antibody levels, including neutralizing antibodies, decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a 4-fold average decrease in titers from 1 to 4 months after symptom onset. This decline is accompanied by a decrease in total antibodies capable of binding the viral spike protein. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including examination of long-lived B cells and antibody titers over extended periods.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Frauke Muecksch et al.
Summary: Understanding the longitudinal trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is crucial for diagnosis and immunity prediction. Different serological assays have varying suitability for surveillance and prediction of neutralization potency, with S-based assays better predicting neutralization levels over time.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lisa Henss et al.
Summary: The study found that the severity of COVID-19 is correlated with patient age, gender, the amount of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, and their neutralization activity. The levels of specific antibodies decrease over time, with faster decline in nucleoprotein antibodies. NL63 neutralizing activities are associated with COVID-19 severity, suggesting potential cross-reactive protection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Andrew Bryan et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Arnold S. Monto et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Guozhong Zhou et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel F. Gudbjartsson et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Petra Bacher et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kening Li et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ania Wajnberg et al.
